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Prevention, Diagnosis, and Effective Treatment

Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is an infection that affects the gums surrounding your teeth. It is a leading cause of tooth loss in adults and is often painless, making it difficult for patients to detect. Your dentist will assess for signs of periodontal disease during routine checkups by measuring the space between your teeth and gums.

What Causes Gum Disease?

The cause of gum disease is the accumulation of plaque, a sticky bacteria that forms on the teeth. Without proper removal through flossing, brushing, and regular dental checkups, the plaque will build up and release toxins that harm the gums. Periodontal disease develops below the gum line, creating pockets that separate the gums from the teeth. This disease has two stages: gingivitis and periodontitis.
  • Gingivitis: The early stage of gum disease characterized by red, swollen gums that bleed easily. At this stage, it is treatable and can typically be eliminated with daily brushing and flossing.
  • Periodontitis: If gingivitis is left untreated, it progresses to periodontitis. This severe stage involves serious and irreversible damage to the gums and bone supporting the teeth. Infected gums can lead to loose teeth, which may fall out or need to be removed by a dentist.

Certain factors can increase a patient’s risk of developing periodontal disease, including:

  • Smoking or using chewing tobacco
  • Diabetes
  • Certain medications, including steroids, anti-epilepsy drugs, cancer therapy drugs, calcium channel blockers, and oral contraceptives
  • Poorly fitting bridges
  • Crooked teeth
  • Old fillings
  • Pregnancy

While it is possible to have periodontal disease and not know it, some symptoms can include:

  • Gums that bleed easily
  • Red, swollen, or tender gums
  • Gums that have receded from the teeth
  • Persistent bad breath or an unpleasant taste
  • Pus between the teeth and gums
  • Loose or separating permanent teeth
  • Changes in how your teeth fit together when you bite
  • Changes in the fit of partial dentures

Treating Gum Disease

There are a variety of treatments available for gum disease, which can vary depending on the severity of each case. Some common treatments include:
  • Non-surgical treatments like at-home periodontal trays and scaling and root planing (deep cleaning)
  • Periodontal surgery and laser gum surgery
  • Dental implants

Preventing Gum Disease

It is crucial to have regular dental checkups and periodontal examinations to maintain both your overall health and the health of your smile. By practicing good oral hygiene at home, such as brushing regularly, cleaning between your teeth, eating a balanced diet, and scheduling regular dental visits, you can greatly reduce your risk of developing gum disease. Remember, you don't have to lose teeth to periodontal disease - taking care of your oral health is key to keeping your smile healthy.

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