Person pointing to inflamed gum area showing signs of gum disease or irritation.

Prevention, Diagnosis, and Effective Treatment

Gum disease, or periodontal disease, is an infection that impacts the gums around your teeth. It is a common reason for tooth loss in adults, and because it is often painless, many people may not realize they have it. Your dentist will assess for signs of gum disease at every routine checkup by measuring the gap between your teeth and gums.

What Causes Gum Disease?

Gum disease develops when plaque, a sticky bacteria that sticks to the teeth, accumulates. Without proper removal through flossing, brushing, and regular dental visits, plaque can build up and release harmful toxins that can damage the gums. Periodontal disease occurs below the gum line, creating pockets that separate the gums from the teeth. This disease advances through two stages: gingivitis and periodontitis.
  • Gingivitis: This early stage of gum disease is marked by red, swollen gums that bleed easily. With daily brushing and flossing, gingivitis is treatable and can typically be eliminated.
  • Periodontitis: Left untreated, gingivitis can advance to periodontitis, causing severe and irreversible damage to the gums and bone supporting the teeth. Infected gums in periodontitis can result in loose teeth, tooth loss, or extraction by a dentist.

There are several factors that can elevate a patient's risk of developing periodontal disease, such as:

  • Smoking or using chewing tobacco
  • Diabetes
  • Certain medications, including steroids, anti-epilepsy drugs, cancer therapy drugs, calcium channel blockers, and oral contraceptives
  • Bridges that no longer fit properly
  • Crooked teeth
  • Old fillings
  • Pregnancy

Periodontal disease can sometimes go unnoticed, but common symptoms may include:

  • Gums that bleed easily
  • Red, swollen, tender gums
  • Gums that have receded or pulled away from the teeth
  • Persistent bad breath or bad taste
  • Pus between your teeth and gums
  • Loose or separating permanent teeth
  • Changes in the way your teeth fit together when you bite
  • Changes in the fit of partial dentures

Treating Gum Disease

The treatments for gum disease can vary depending on the severity of the case. Some common treatments may include:
  • Non-surgical treatments such as at-home periodontal trays and scaling and root planing (deep cleaning)
  • Periodontal surgery and laser gum surgery
  • Dental implants

Preventing Gum Disease

It is important to have regular dental checkups and periodontal examinations to keep your smile and overall health in good condition. By following good oral hygiene practices such as brushing, flossing, eating a healthy diet, and scheduling routine dental appointments, you can lower your chances of developing gum disease. Remember, prevention is crucial in maintaining your smile and preventing tooth loss caused by periodontal disease.

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