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Prevention, Diagnosis, and Effective Treatment

Periodontal disease, also known as gum disease, is an infection that affects the gums surrounding your teeth. It is a leading cause of tooth loss in adults, and since it is typically painless, many patients are unaware they have it. Your dentist will check for signs of periodontal disease during each regular checkup by measuring the space between your teeth and gums.

What Causes Gum Disease?

The development of gum disease is due to the accumulation of plaque, a sticky bacteria that adheres to the teeth. Without proper removal through flossing, brushing, and regular dental visits, plaque will accumulate and produce harmful toxins that can harm the gums. Periodontal disease occurs beneath the gum line, forming pockets that separate the gums from the teeth. This disease progresses through two stages: gingivitis and periodontitis.
  • Gingivitis: This is the early stage of gum disease, characterized by red and swollen gums that bleed easily. With daily brushing and flossing, gingivitis is treatable and can usually be eliminated.
  • Periodontitis: If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, causing serious and irreversible damage to the gums and bone supporting the teeth. Infected gums in periodontitis can lead to loose teeth, tooth loss, or extraction by a dentist.

Certain factors can increase the risk of developing periodontal disease, such as:

  • Smoking or using chewing tobacco
  • Diabetes
  • Certain types of medication such as steroids, anti-epilepsy drugs, cancer therapy drugs, calcium channel blockers, and oral contraceptives
  • Bridges that no longer fit properly
  • Crooked teeth
  • Old fillings
  • Pregnancy

Periodontal Disease Symptoms

  • Gums that bleed easily
  • Red, swollen, tender gums
  • Gums that have pulled away from the teeth
  • Persistent bad breath or bad taste
  • Pus between your teeth and gums
  • Permanent teeth that are loose or separating
  • Any change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite
  • Any change in the fit of partial dentures

Treating Gum Disease

The treatments for gum disease can differ based on the severity of the case. Common treatments may include:
  • Non-surgical treatments like at-home periodontal trays, scaling and root planing (deep cleaning)
  • Periodontal surgery and laser gum surgery
  • Dental implants

Preventing Gum Disease

Regular dental checkups and periodontal examinations are essential for maintaining a healthy smile and overall well-being. By practicing good oral hygiene habits like brushing, flossing, eating a balanced diet, and scheduling routine dental visits, you can significantly reduce your risk of gum disease. Remember, prevention is key in preserving your smile and avoiding tooth loss due to periodontal disease.

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